Coin grading fundamentals

The Coin Grading Scale Explained

The Sheldon 70-point system, the foundation of how PCGS, NGC, and PSA grade every coin.

The coin grading scale is the Sheldon Scale, a 70-point system (1 to 70) used by PCGS, NGC, and PSA to grade coin condition. Grade 1 is barely identifiable; grade 70 is flawless under magnification. Grades split into circulated (1–58) and Mint State / Proof (60–70) tiers.

The full Sheldon scale chart

GradeTierWhat it means
MS/PR-70Mint State / ProofFlawless at 5x magnification — no contact marks, full strike and luster.
MS-67–69Superb Gem UncirculatedVirtually flawless; only the tiniest imperfections visible under magnification.
MS-65–66Gem UncirculatedStrong luster and eye appeal; only minor scattered marks outside focal areas.
MS-60–64UncirculatedNo wear, but noticeable contact marks; luster may be impaired at the low end.
AU-50–58About UncirculatedSlight wear on only the highest points; most luster remains (AU-58 is nearly Mint State).
XF/EF-40–45Extremely FineLight wear on high points; all major detail sharp and complete.
VF-20–35Very FineModerate even wear; major features clear, finer detail softened.
F-12–15FineConsiderable wear; main design bold but flat in areas.
VG-8–10Very GoodWell worn; design visible but faint, rims mostly full.
G-4–6GoodHeavily worn; outlines visible, some rim and lettering merged.
AG/FR/PO-1–3About Good to PoorExtremely worn; barely identifiable. Date may be partial or gone.

Circulated vs Mint State

The most important dividing line on the scale is grade 60. At MS-60 and above, a coin has no wear — it never circulated. Below that, from AU-58 down, the coin shows increasing wear. The jump from AU-58 to MS-60 isn't about more detail (AU-58 often looks better) — it's strictly about whether any wear is present. Learn the exact grade meanings on our what do coin grades mean guide.

Designations beyond the number

Many coins carry strike designations that add value: Full Bands (Mercury dime), Full Steps (Jefferson nickel), Full Bell Lines (Franklin half), Full Head (Standing Liberty quarter), and the green/gold CAC sticker. See the coin-specific guides for each.

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